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What is Hypotonia? Hypotonia is a condition characterized by severely reduced muscle tone. It is seen primarily in children. When hypotonia affects adults, it may be due to cerebellar degeneration. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness but it can co-exist with muscle weakness. Hypotonia does not affect intellect. However, depending on the underlying condition, some children may take longer to develop social, language, and reasoning skills. Hypotonia is also called Floppy, Decreased muscle tone, and Hypotonic infant. Symptoms of Hypotonia The most common symptoms of hypotonia involve problems with mobility and posture, breathing and speech difficulties, lethargy, ligament and joint laxity, and poor reflexes. What causes Hypotonia? Hypotonia may be caused by trauma, environmental factors, or by genetic, muscle, or central nervous system disorders. In some cases, the cause is not apparent. Sometimes it may not be possible to find the cause of the hypotonia. While most children tend to flex their elbows and knees when resting, hypotonic children hang their arms and legs by their sides. They also may have substantial weakness and little or no head control, giving them a "floppy" appearance. Some common conditions that cause hypotonia are:
Can Hypotonia be Treated? Treatment options depend on the cause. When hypotonia is caused by an underlying condition, that condition is treated first, followed by symptomatic and supportive therapy. Physical therapy is often used to improve fine motor control and overall body strength. Occupational and speech-language therapy is beneficial in decreasing breathing, speech, and swallowing difficulties. Therapy for infants and young children may also include sensory stimulation programs.
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